CONSTITUTION AMENDMENT QUESTION asked in upsc pre 2023

In India, which one of the following Constitutional Amendments was widely believed to be enacted to overcome the judicial interpretations of the Fundamental Rights?

(a) 1st amendment

(b) 42nd amendment 

(c) 44th Amendment

(d) 86thAmendment





Answer - A 


Analysis - Difficult and factual question 


Explanation 


1st Amendment Act, 1951 provided

means to 


1. Restrict freedom of speech and expression,


By Adding three more grounds of

restrictions 

 public order,

friendly relations with foreign states

and incitement to an offence. 


Also, made the restrictions “reasonable”

and thus, justiciable in nature.


2. validation of Zamindari abolition laws, and 


3. Clarified that the right to equality does not bar the enactment of laws

which provide "special consideration" for weaker

sections of society.


4. Provided that state trading and

nationalisation of any trade or

business by the state is not to be

invalid on the grounds of violation of

the right to trade or business.


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